Strabismic amblyopia, also known as strabismus-related amblyopia, is a type of lazy eye (amblyopia) caused by strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes.

Causes

1. Strabismus: Misalignment of the eyes, causing the brain to favor one eye over the other.
2. Esotropia: Crossed eyes, where one eye turns inward.
3. Exotropia: Wall-eyed, where one eye turns outward.
4. Hypertropia: Vertical misalignment, where one eye is higher than the other.

Symptoms

1. Blurred vision: Reduced vision in the affected eye.
2. Double vision: Seeing two images of a single object.
3. Eye strain: Fatigue, headaches, or discomfort when using the affected eye.
4. Depth perception difficulties: Trouble judging distances or spatial relationships.

Diagnosis

1. Comprehensive eye exam: Assessing visual acuity, refraction, and eye alignment.
2. Cover test: Evaluating eye alignment and movement.
3. Retinoscopy: Measuring the reflection of light in the eyes.

Treatment

1. Glasses or contact lenses: Correcting refractive errors and improving eye alignment.
2. Patch therapy: Covering the stronger eye to strengthen the weaker eye.
3. Atropine therapy: Dilating the stronger eye to reduce its dominance.
4. Surgery: Correcting eye misalignment or removing cataracts (if present).
5. Vision therapy: Customized exercises to improve eye coordination, depth perception, and visual processing.

Prognosis

Early detection and treatment can significantly improve visual outcomes. However, if left untreated, strabismic amblyopia can lead to permanent vision loss in the affected eye.

Complications

1. Permanent vision loss: If left untreated, amblyopia can lead to irreversible vision loss.
2. Depth perception difficulties: Untreated amblyopia can cause lifelong difficulties with depth perception.
3. Social and emotional impacts: Untreated amblyopia can affect self-esteem, social interactions, and overall quality of life.

Regular eye exams and prompt treatment can help prevent these complications and ensure optimal visual development.

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